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: This process primarily uses recycled steel scrap . High-power electric arcs melt the scrap, making it a highly efficient recycling method. 3. Secondary Steelmaking and Metallurgy
The journey begins with three primary ingredients: , coke (processed coal), and limestone . Fundamentals of Steel Making
: High-purity oxygen is blown onto molten iron (often with some scrap). This oxidizes the excess carbon (dropping it from ~4% to below 1%) and other impurities. : This process primarily uses recycled steel scrap
Once the crude steel is produced, it undergoes to achieve precise chemical specifications. Secondary Steelmaking and Metallurgy The journey begins with
: In a Blast Furnace (BF) , these materials are heated. Coke acts as both a fuel and a reducing agent, removing oxygen from the iron ore to produce molten iron (or pig iron).
This stage transforms molten iron or scrap into crude steel by reducing carbon content and removing further impurities.
: Limestone acts as a flux, combining with impurities like silica to form slag , which floats on the molten iron and is removed. 2. Primary Steelmaking