: Measure external variables like force, load, and limb position (e.g., accelerometers and force meters).
: The "artificial muscles" (typically motors or pneumatic systems) that produce the physical force or motion. Major Application Areas Introduction to Biomechatronics
Modern biomechatronic devices operate as closed-loop systems that mimic natural biological processes: : Measure external variables like force, load, and
While often associated with limb replacement, biomechatronics spans a wide range of human-machine integration: Introduction to Biomechatronics | IET Digital Library : Measure external variables like force