The foundation of genetics rests on Gregor Mendel’s laws of inheritance:
Cytogenetics identifies abnormalities that lead to genetic disorders: Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other (provided they are on different chromosomes). The foundation of genetics rests on Gregor Mendel’s
Chemical modifications to DNA or histones that affect gene activity without changing the actual DNA sequence. Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics
A two-step division reducing the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes, introducing genetic variation via crossing over . 3. Chromosomal Variations