Competition shifted to technological dominance and the moon landing. 3. The Collapse (1980–1991)

The end of the war did not bring "the end of history," but rather a new set of challenges.

The tension was not constant; it ebbed and flowed through different geopolitical cycles. 1. Containment and Escalation (1947–1962)

Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) weakened central control.

Both sides held enough weapons to ensure "Mutually Assured Destruction" (MAD).

Fierce fighting in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and across Africa.

The Cold War (1947–1991) pitted the Western Bloc (led by the USA) against the Eastern Bloc (led by the USSR). It was "cold" because no large-scale direct fighting occurred between the two superpowers, though many "proxy wars" were fought globally.

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